← Back to the home page Credits & sources
Where the numbers come from
Every statistic on this site links back to a primary source. This page collects the full citation list — academic, industry, government, legal, and primary-source company communications. Updated whenever we add new sources or when the underlying reports release new editions.
Academic & peer-reviewed research
- Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., & Raymond, L. "Generative AI at Work." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 140(2), May 2025, pp. 889–942 (NBER WP 31161, April 2023).
- Dell'Acqua, F., McFowland III, E., Mollick, E., et al. "Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality." Harvard Business School Working Paper 24-013 (Sept 2023); Organization Science, 2026.
Industry research reports
- Anthropic. Anthropic Economic Index — multiple reports throughout 2025 and 2026.
- BCG (Boston Consulting Group). "AI at Work 2025: Momentum Builds, but Gaps Remain." June 2025.
- Forrester Consulting (commissioned by Microsoft). "The Projected Total Economic Impact™ of Microsoft 365 Copilot for SMB." October 2024.
- McKinsey & Company. "The State of AI: How organizations are rewiring to capture value." March 2025; updated November 2025.
- Microsoft & LinkedIn. "AI at Work Is Here. Now Comes the Hard Part." 2024 Work Trend Index Annual Report. May 2024.
- MIT NANDA initiative. "The GenAI Divide: State of AI in Business 2025." July 2025.
Survey & polling
- Gallup. "Rising AI Adoption Spurs Workforce Changes." Q3 2025 workplace data.
- Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI). AI Index Report 2025.
Government & official data
- U.S. Census Bureau. Business Trends and Outlook Survey (BTOS), with AI module.
- U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy. "AI in Business: Small Firms Closing In." September 2025.
- U.S. Chamber of Commerce. "Empowering Small Business: The Impact of Technology on U.S. Small Business." 2025 edition.
- Challenger, Gray & Christmas, Inc. Monthly Job Cut Reports.
Legal & regulatory
- British Columbia Civil Resolution Tribunal. Moffatt v. Air Canada, 2024 BCCRT 149. Decision issued February 14, 2024.
Primary-source company communications
- Tobi Lütke (Shopify CEO). "Reflexive AI usage is now a baseline expectation at Shopify." Internal memo dated March 20, 2025; published publicly April 7, 2025.
- Klarna. Original AI customer-service announcement (February 2024) and subsequent reversal (May 2025).
How we cite
- We cite the primary source even when we found it via secondary reporting.
- We disclose vendor-commissioned research (the Forrester / Microsoft study, for example).
- We use absolute dates ("Q2 2025") rather than relative ones ("last quarter").
- We update sources annually as new editions release.
- When sources disagree, we cite both with the methodological reason for the difference.